Inorganic composition, process of preparation and method of use

ABSTRACT

A coagulant which is the reaction product of a trivalent metal salt, excluding chromium salts, an acid phosphorous compound and an aluminum hydroxy chloride, and a process for preparing such coagulant. This coagulant may be effectively used to remove suspended solids and various impurities in most water treatment applications.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority on U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Serial Nos. 60/104,203 and 60/082,448 which were filed onOct. 14, 1998 and Apr. 20, 1998, respectively.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates generally to coagulants for watertreatment applications. In general, coagulants are utilized to removesuspended solid particles from aqueous systems.

[0003] Coagulants typically fall into the general category of inorganic(trivalent, divalent metal salts) or organic (water solublepolyelectrolytes). Examples of widely used inorganic coagulants are.aluminum sulfate Al₂ (SO₄)₃, aluminum chloride AlCl₃, aluminumchlorohydrate Al₂(OH)₅Cl, ferric chloride FeCl₃, ferric sulfate Fe₂(SO₄)₃, and calcium chloride. Examples of commonly used water soluble orsolution polyelectrolytes are p-DMDAAC (polydimethyl diallyl ammoniumchloride) and Epi-DMA polyamine.

[0004] Many inorganic coagulants are compatible with solution cationicpolyelectrolytes and can be combined to form stable combinations. Inrecent years, many different blend formulations of an inorganiccoagulant with a high charge solution cationic polyelectrolyte have beenpatented and marketed. An example of an inorganic coagulant/polymerblend might be: 5 parts of a standard 28° Baumé Al1Cl₃ solution mixedwith 1 part of Epi-DMA polyamine. More examples, limits, and ranges areexplained in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,746,457, 4,800,039, and 5,035,808 toCalgon Corporation, and further in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,862,880, 3,285,849,3,472,767, 3,489,681, 3,617,569, 4,137,165, 4,450,092, 4,582,627,4,610,801, and 4,655,934, the disclosures of which are incorporatedherein by reference in their entirety. Normally, these compositions arephysical blends of an inorganic trivalent metal salt solution and awater soluble polymer solution, which is a simple mixture of thecomponents where both components retain their original identity orchemical composition, but provide utility and advantages such as:

[0005] 1. a synergy of adding the inorganic and polymeric coagulantssimultaneously as a blend; and

[0006] 2. ease of use—using one product instead of two (therebyeliminating feed systems, equipment, and handling).

[0007] Wastewater treatment systems typically require the use oftrivalent metal salts, a polymer or a combination of both in thecoagulation process. Both ferric coagulants such as FeCl₃ blends andaluminum coagulants such as alum or Al₂(OH)₅Cl blends are often used forthese processes. Both the ferric and aluminum coagulants providedifferent desirable properties. However, these coagulants are normallyincompatible with each other.

[0008] It was thus desired in the art to develop a single coagulantwhich would combine the desirable properties of ferric and aluminumcoagulants.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention comprises a composition that is thereaction product of a trivalent metal salt, excluding chromium salts, anacid phosphorous compound and an aluminum hydroxy chloride, and aprocess for preparing the same.

[0010] The method of use according to the present invention comprisesadding this reaction product in an effective amount to the solution tobe treated. The composition of the present invention is an excellent andunique coagulant for most water treatment applications.

[0011] As used herein, the phrase “effective amount” refers to thatamount of the claimed reaction product which is helpful to at leastpartially treat (coagulate) the impurities in the wastewater or systembeing treated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The above composition will become more apparent when reference ismade to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction withthe appended figures, in which:

[0013]FIG. 1 is an Al-27 NMR spectrum of monoaluminum phosphate;

[0014]FIG. 2 is an Al-27 NMR spectrum of aluminum chlorohydrate; and

[0015]FIG. 3 is an Al-27 NMR spectrum of the reaction mixture of iron(III) chloride, monoaluminum phosphate and aluminum chlorohydrate.

[0016] These figures are discussed in detail below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] The present invention was discovered when the inventors wereattempting to obtain the desirable properties of FeCl₃ blends andAl(OH)₅Cl blends by mixing these two inorganics and then combining theresultant mixture with a cationic polyelectrolyte and other ingredients.However, they discovered that mixtures of trivalent metal salts such asFeCl₃ and aluminum hydroxy chlorides such as Al₂ (OH)₅Cl areincompatible and all attempts to combine such mixtures ended in agelled/solidified reaction product which was not usable.

[0018] It was unexpectedly discovered that FeCl₃ solution and Al₂(OH)₅Cl solution can be stabilized and combined through the use of athird ingredient, monoaluminum phosphate. The inventors have discovereda method of combining these previously incompatible coagulants andcreating a stable, complex ion coordination compound that exhibitsincreased efficacy as a coagulant for industrial and municipal watertreatment.

[0019] A composition, and process for preparing the same, has beendiscovered by the inventors comprising the reaction product of atrivalent metal salt other than chrominum salts, an aluminum hydroxychloride, and an acid phosphorous compound which acts as a stabilizingcompound.

[0020] The preferred process of preparing the present invention is theaddition of the acid phosphorous compound (stabilizer) to the trivalentmetal salt, soon followed by the addition of the aluminum hydroxychloride. A small exotherm results from the addition of the acidphosphorous compound (stabilizer) to the trivalent metal salt. A largerand more vigorous exotherm results from the subsequent addition of thealuminum hydroxy chloride. Based upon this exotherm, as well as colorchanges and partial precipitation (and re-dissolution), it is believedthat the components are reacting and a new compound is formed. Althoughthe order of addition of these compounds to form the new compound may bealtered, the above order of addition is preferred. If the trivalentmetal salt and the aluminum hydroxy chloride are combined without theacid phosphorous compound, a slurry will be formed which will generallysolidify in less than an hour. In order to create a stable finalproduct, if this order of addition is utilized, the acid phosphorouscompound should be added to this mixture prior to solidification, orpreferably within 40 minutes. However, reconstitution aftersolidification is possible by the addition of the acid phosphorouscompound. The least preferred order of addition is when the acidphosphorous compound is alone first mixed with the aluminum hydroxychloride, because a solid mass will be formed almost instantaneously.However, this solid mass can be reconstituted by the addition of FeCl₃.For these reasons, the above noted order of addition is preferred.

[0021] This new resultant compound is stable and appears to be differentin composition from the compounds used in the preparation process. Theconclusion that a new compound is formed is supported by FIGS. 1-3 whichillustrate Al-27 NMR spectra for a compound formed from the reaction ofthe volume formula 10 FeCl₃ (about 40% active raw material in water), 3monoaluminum phosphate (Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O) (about 50 wt % in water), and 5Al (OH) ₅Cl (about 50 wt % in water). Commerciably available FeCl₃solution is 38 to 42% active raw material in water. Commerciallyavailable monoaluminum phosphate and Al (OH)₅Cl are both 50 wt % inwater, plus or minus 1 to 2%.

[0022] The combination of a peak's shape and position yield structuralinformation in NMR spectroscopy. The position is based upon a relativemarker to a selected standard material and is measured in ppm shifts infrequency. The standard reference material used in these spectra wasaluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) at 0 ppm. The shape of the peak (singlet,doublet, etc.) is dependent upon the nuclei's interaction withneighboring atoms. The combination of peak position and shape is afunction of the nuclei's environment, and thus, its structure.

[0023]FIG. 1 is an Al-27 NMR spectrum of monoaluminum phosphate. Thisspectrum shows a single band centered at ca. −77.7 ppm relative to thestandard. The width of the peak is indicative of the structure insolution.

[0024]FIG. 2 is an Al-27 NMR spectrum of aluminum chlorohydrate(Al₂(OH)₅Cl). This spectrum shows a very broad set of peaks centered atca. −57.8 and −68.6 ppm with the former peak being the much strongerband. This spectrum shows two peaks which are overlapped. There are alsotwo significantly smaller peaks on either side of these two major bandswhich are probably minor impurities. This material is known to bepolymeric in nature. In general, the higher the molecular weight of amaterial the more broad the peaks become.

[0025]FIG. 3 is an Al-27 NMR spectrum of the reaction mixture of thepresent invention. This spectrum shows the product of the claimedreaction mixture of iron (III) chloride, monoaluminum phosphate andaluminum chlorohydrate according to the current reaction, using theconcentrations and parts per volume of these three compounds in thepreferred embodiment. In FIG. 3, the aluminum NMR peak is a very muchsharper singlet and is shifted to a position at ca. −26.2 ppm relativeto the standard. These changes indicate that a reaction has taken place,that the two component raw materials (iron(III) chloride and aluminumchlorohydrate) are most likely limiting reagents in this reaction, andthat the structure of the final product is simpler than the aluminumchlorohydrate precursor. The aluminum exists in a single type ofchemical environment, hence the rationale for the proposed structure ofa new compound.

[0026] The molecular formula of this preferred embodiment, which is thesubject of FIG. 3 is:

Iron(III) salt of[Al]_(n)(OH)_(a)(H₂PO₄)_(b)(Cl)_(c)(H₂O)_(d)]^(3n-a-b-c)

where a+b+c>3n

[0027] This new composition is the product of a Lewis/Acid Base typereaction in which a stable, complex ion coordination compound is formedas follows:

A+B→“intermediate” (4° C. temperature rise observed)“intermediate”+C→new compound (20° C. temperature rise observed)

[0028] where: (% Active Basis) A = Iron Chloride 17.5%-20% B =Phosphoric Acid, Aluminum Slat (3:1)   8%-10% C = Aluminum Chloride,Basic 11.0%-13%

[0029] A typical structure of this new compound of the preferredembodiment is represented below where the H₂, Cl, OH and H₂PO₄ ligandscan vary in number, as well as in their position on the metal ion in thecoordination complex. The nature of the bond between each ligand and thecentral metal atom is coordinate covalent.

[0030] The preferred embodiment of the present invention composition, byvolume, is:

[0031] 10 FeCl₃ (aqueous solution about 40% active raw material inwater)

[0032] 3 Monoaluminum phosphate (Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O) (about 50 wt % inwater)

[0033] 5 Al₂(OH)₅Cl (about 50 wt % in water)

[0034] 1 CaCl₂ (30% solution)

[0035] 2 Ca-250 (Epi-DMA polyamine) (50 wt % in water)

[0036] Multiple experiments involving the modification of the volume ofthe above ingredients in the preferred embodiment have been performed.It has been determined that although the above noted volumes provide thepreferred combination, these ratios may be altered while stillmaintaining a stable reaction product and the desired coagulationproperties to varying degrees. It has been determined that (using theconcentrations set forth above) the volume of the FeCl₃ component may bevaried from 3 to 30 parts, the monoaluminum phosphate may be varied from.5 to 10 parts, and the Al₂(OH)₅Cl may be increased to as high as 20parts. However, the upper limit of the Al₂ (OH)₅Cl volume appears to be20 because precipitation begins to occur at this level. Although thequality of the resultant compounds varied proportionally with thedeviation from the preferred embodiment, the resultant compoundsprovided stable reaction products. Further tests have performed varyingthe combinations of different trivalent metal salts, acid phosphorouscompounds and aluminum hydroxy chlorides, as well as the volumes of eachsuch component. The Example below demonstrates the results of selectedtests on volume and component variations.

[0037] The volumetric ratios set forth above for components of thepreferred embodiment are also applicable to the various claimedcombinations of the other trivalent metal salts, acid phosphorouscompounds and aluminum hydroxy chlorides. It is known by one skilled inthe art that these various compounds can be obtained in varyingconcentrations. In order to obtain the most preferred ratio ofcomponents of various substitute components of varying concentration,one must obtain the same ratio of molar amounts of ferric, phosphate orphosphite and aluminum as that of the preferred embodiment above. Forexample, phosphoric acid is commercially available in about 85 wt % inwater as compared to about 50 wt % of monoaluminum phosphate. Thus acomponent of different concentration can be used if the correct molarratio is obtained.

[0038] It appears that the calcium chloride and CA-250 components arepresent only as physical blend with the compound which is the result ofthe reaction. The resulting blend of the reaction product and the CaCl₂and CA-250 (Epi-DMA polyamine) is a “sweep-floc” which functions as acoagulant and a flocculent and, as noted above, could be useful in manywater treatment processes. Other standard additives can also be mixedwith the reaction product.

[0039] In place of the CA-250 (Epi-DMA polyamine), p-DMDAC may beutilized under certain circumstances in the physical blend with thesubject reaction product. The p-DMDAAC may be utilized when thetrivalent metal salt FeCl₃ (in the preferred embodiment) is diluted by10 to 40% with water prior to the addition of the acid phosphorouscompound and the aluminum hydroxy chloride. In order to utilize p-DMDAACwith the already prepared reaction product of the preferred embodiment,the entire reaction product must be diluted by 10 to 40% with waterprior to the addition of p-DMDAAC. If phosphoric acid is substituted forthe monoaluminum phosphate of the preferred embodiment, dilution ofeither FeCl₃ or the entire reaction product should be by 10 to 80% withwater, otherwise precipitation will occur.

[0040] Tests have also been performed involving the variance of theamounts of CaCl₂ and the amount of the CA-250 (Epi-DMA polyamine). Thevolumes of these compounds have been varied both together and on anindependent basis. The variance of these two components appears to havea negligible effect on the formulation.

[0041] As noted above, although the preferred embodiment utilizes FeCl₃as the trivalent metal salt, monoaluminum phosphate as the acidphosphorous compound, and Al₂(OH)₅Cl as the aluminum hydroxy chloride,substitutions may be made for each of these compounds while stillresulting in a stable, effective reaction product.

[0042] The preferred trivalent metal salts are those of Group 8. Themore preferred trivalent metal salts are metal halides. However, themost preferred trivalent metal salts are ferric, such as FeCl₃,Fe₂(SO₄)₃, FeBr₃ and Fe (NO₃)₃. Additionally, blends of the foregoingmay be utilized. Ferric halide is more preferred, while ferric chlorideis most preferred. The preferred anions of the salt are chloride andhalide. Sulfate is a less preferred anion of the salt. Nitrate may alsobe employed as an anion for the salt.

[0043] The preferred acid phosphorous compounds of the present inventionare selected from the group consisting of acid phosphates (includingphosphorous acid), acid phosphates (including phosphoric acid), andphosphonic acid. Acid phosphorous compounds having the following formulamay be utilized:

[0044] Where:

[0045] M=cation such as a metal or ammonium

[0046] n=0 to 2

[0047] x=1 to 3

[0048] q=3 or 4

[0049] For example, the following acid phosphorous compounds may beutilized: monoaluminum phosphate (Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O), phosphoric acid(H₃PO₄), phosphorous acid (H₃PO₃), sodium phosphate monobasic (NaH₂PO₄),sodium phosphate dibasic (Na₂HPO₄), HEDP ((CH₃C(OH)(PO₃H₂)), vinylphosphonic acid (H₂C═CHP(O)(OH)₂), dimethyl phosphite ((CH₃O₂)P₂(O)H),(NH₄)₂HPO₄, NH₄H₂PO₄, potassium phosphate monobasic (KH₂PO₄), andK₂HPO₄. The more preferred acid phosphorous compounds are those whichare non-organic due to their lower cost.

[0050] The aluminum hydroxy chloride compounds which may be used in theformulation of the composition of the present invention are those of thegeneral formula Al₂(OH)_(y)Cl_(z), where y=0.1 to 5 and z=1 to 5.9. Themore preferred are those where y=1 to 5 and z=1 to 5. The most preferredare those where y=1.8 to 5 and z=1 to 4.2.

[0051] In preparing the claimed reaction product, AlCl₃ can be utilizedas the trivalent metal salt and combined with Al₂(OH)₅Cl and astabilizer (acid phosphorous compound). An exotherm will occur and areaction product will be formed. AlCl₃ can also be utilized as asubstitute for the aluminum hydroxy chloride component and combined withFeCl₃ and a stabilizer. However, in this circumstance, a reactionproduct is not formed and a blend is achieved. Nevertheless, this blendexhibits good coagulation properties.

[0052] Experiments have also been performed where the CaCl₂ compound hasbeen substituted with MgCl₂ and BaCl₂ without resulting seriousdetriment to the performance of the resultant mixture with the reactionproduct. The CA-250 (Epi-DMA polyamine) may also be substituted withother Epi-DMA polyamines. CA-250 is preferred because of its relativelow to medium molecular weight. CA-250 is a commercial polyamine productsold by Calgon Corporation.

[0053] This resultant new compound has been demonstrated to be anexcellent and unique coagulant for most water treatment applicationsincluding E-coat waste treatment, water-borne paint waste coagulation,oily waste and solvent-borne paint detackification. It is also exhibitsutility in general wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment,metals removal from water, paper making waste water, water containingchemical compounds, water containing organic compounds, water containingbiological compounds, poultry processing waste, ink containingsolutions, raw water clarification (such as municipal drinking water andindustrial purification), oil/water separation, water containingsuspended solids, color removal (colored solutions), waste clay slurry,coal waste, mineral processing water, oily waste, water containingsuspended solids, water containing paint solids and others. Theresultant new compound has also been demonstrated to remove metals fromwater, including heavy metals such as lead and nickel. E-coat waste isthe wastewater generated from electrolytic primer coating.

[0054] The method of using the new compound for coagulation in thesevarious systems consists of adding the new compound to the system in aneffective amount.

[0055] This new compound also may be utilized for enhanced coagulation.Enhanced coagulation is the reduction of total organic contaminants(TOC). The reduction of organic contaminants in drinking water isdesirable to minimize formation of chlorinated hydrocarbons formedduring the chlorination process.

[0056] The most preferred method for producing the claimed reactionproduct entails the following steps:

[0057] 1. At ambient temperature, add 3 parts by volume monoaluminumphosphate solution (about 50 wt % in water) to 10 parts by volume FeCl₃aqueous solution (about 40% active raw material in water). During theaddition of the monoaluminum phosphate solution to the FeCl₃ solution,some reaction will take place. There may be some partial precipitationsand color changes—and striations in the solutions. However, when thereaction is complete, everything is in solution and it appears stable.

[0058] 2. Next, the 5 parts by volume aluminum chlorohydrate solution(about 50 wt % in water) is added to the mixture of FeCl₃ andmonoaluminum phosphate (and further reaction takes place). The resultantsolution goes through a violent exotherm. The solution becomes hot, andthe solution becomes homogeneous. When the solution cools down, itremains compatible and homogeneous.

[0059] 3. Preferably, 1 part by volume CaCl₂ (30% solution) and 2 partsper volume of a polymer, such as CA-250 (EPI-DMA polyamine 50 wt %) arethen added. The CaCl₂ is added for hardness and the polymer to enhancecoagulation and to begin flocculation (to help form the pin floc). Thereappears to be no further reaction when the CaCl₂ and the polymer areadded.

[0060] As noted above, it will be apparent to one skilled in the artthat this process may be duplicated utilizing the other trivalent metalsalts, acid phosphorous compounds, and aluminum hydroxy chlorides hereinclaimed, if the same noted molar ratios are utilized.

EXAMPLE

[0061] The following example is included to further describe anddemonstrate the invention in greater detail. This example is notintended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. This example,and the tables included therein, demonstrate the performance of theclaimed invention, including the preferred embodiment and other claimedreaction products formed from various Group 8 trivalent metal salts,acid phosphorous compounds and aluminum hydroxy chloride components, onthe treatment of E-coat waste. Also included are entries illustratingthe effectiveness of treating E-coat waste with only a trivalent metalsalt and only an aluminum hydroxy compound.

[0062] The following test procedure was used to compile the resultscontained in the following tables.

[0063] Dilution of Product:

[0064] 1. 2.5 gms of the selected coagulant and/or reaction product wasweighed and placed into a B-cup.

[0065] 2. 7.5 gms of deionized water was placed into the same B-cup andmixed until uniform.

[0066] Test Procedure:

[0067] 1. 495 mls of deionized water was added to a glass jar (agraduated cylinder was used).

[0068] 2. The glass jar was placed on a gang stirrer and mixed at 100rpm.

[0069] 3. 5 mls of neat E-coat waste was added to the water.

[0070] 4. 0.6 mls of the selected coagulant and/or reaction productsolution (300 ppm) was added to the glass jar.

[0071] 5. The solution was mixed at 100 rpm for 15 seconds.

[0072] 6. The pH was lowered to 2.9 using stock H₂SO₄ (10 gm H₂SO₄+190gm DiH₂O).

[0073] 7. The number of drops of stock H₂SO₄ used to lower the pH wasrecorded.

[0074] 8. The solution was mixed at 100 rpm for 15 seconds.

[0075] 9. The pH was increased to 8.5 using a soda ash solution (20 gmsoda ash+80 gm DiH₂O).

[0076] 10. The number of drops of soda ash solution used to increase thepH was recorded.

[0077] 11. The solution was mixed at 100 rpm for 15 seconds.

[0078] 12. 2 mls of flocculent—Pol EZ 8736 or Pol EZ 7736 [0.5% product]which are commercially available high molecular weight polymers sold byCalgon Corporation—was placed in a syringe and added by the followingmethod:

[0079] a) the tip of the syringe was placed below the surface of thesolution at approximately the top of the vortex;

[0080] b) the flocculent was added and timed for exactly 10 seconds;

[0081] c) after the ten second period ended, the agitation was turneddown to 50-60 rpm;

[0082] d) the floc was allowed to develop for 30 seconds; and

[0083] e) the agitation was then turned off.

[0084] 13. The floc was then allowed to settle for 10 minutes.

[0085] 14. The floc size and the appearance of the solution was thenrecorded (visual inspection only).

[0086] 15. 20 mls of the solution was removed with a syringe for aturbidity reading.

[0087] 16. The turbidity reading in NTU (nephelometric turbidity units)was recorded.

[0088] 17. The agitation was then turned on and the motion speed wasslowly increased to ≦50 rpm.

[0089] 18. The solution was mixed for 30 seconds and the percentage ofdetackification was recorded.

[0090] 19. The motor speed was then increased to 100 rpm and thesolution was mixed for 30 seconds.

[0091] 20. The percentage of detackification was then recorded (ifdetackification of 100% was recorded at 50 rpm, no reading was necessaryat 100 rpm and therefore was not taken).

[0092] Unless otherwise noted, this procedure was utilized to obtain theresults set forth in the tables below. Flocculation refers to thesettling of suspended solid particles in the solution. Turbidity as usedherein is defined as the cloudiness of the solution caused by suspendedparticles.

[0093] Table 1

[0094] This table illustrates the performance of the preferredembodiment, 10 FeCl₃, 3(Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O) and 5 Al₂(OH)₅Cl, 1 CaCl₂ and 2Ca-250, in the concentrations set forth above, as 3930-93. In 3982-84A,the (Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O) was substituted with HEDP in the same molar ratio.In.3982-86A and 3982-87, the (Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O) has been likewisesubstituted with vinyl phosphonic acid and dimethyl phosphite,respectively. TABLE 1 3930-93 3982-84a 3982-86a 3982-87 DescriptionPreferred HEDP Vinyl Dimethyl embodiment Phosphonic Phosphite acidProduct Dilution 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ (Deionizedwater/product) 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms Appearance medium med.-dkyellow very pale amber amber blue Use Concentration 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ (mls/ppm) 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm E-coatComposition 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mlspH to 2.9 30 drops 29 drops 34 drops 31 drops pH to 8.5 45 drops 50drops 52 drops 40 drops Floc size/appearance large/hazy med. fluffy/large/lt. haze med.-lg./sl. sl. haze haze Turbidity 93.3 54.2 39.6 72.4Detackification good fair fair-good bad  50 rpm: 100%  50%  65%  0% 100rpm 100% 100% 60%

[0095] Table 2

[0096] This table likewise illustrates how the performance of thepreferred embodiment is effected by changes in the type and amount ofthe acid phosphorous compound utilized. The composition of the preferredembodiment remained constant for each trial, except: in 3982-79A, alower volume of (Al(H₂PO4)₃.XH₂O) (“MAP”) was utilized; in 3982-79B, alower volume of H₃PO₄ was substituted for the MAP; in 3982-79C, H₃PO₄was substituted for the MAP in the same volume; and in 3982-80G, NaH₂PO₄was substituted for the MAP in the same volume. TABLE 2 3930-93 3982-79A3982-79B 3982-79C 3982-80A 3982-80G Description Preferred Low MAP LowStd H₃PO₄ Std H₃PO₃ Std embodiment H₃PO₄ NAH₂PO₄ Product Dilution 7.5gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ (Deionized 2.5 gms 2.5gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms water/product) Appearance good/med.good/dk. good/dk. good/yellow good/dk. good/dk. amber amber amber amberamber Use Concentration 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60mls/ 0.60 mls/ (mls/ppm) 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppmE-coat Composition 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/Deionized water/ 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls e-coat waste pH to2.9 27 drops 25 drops 24 drops 25 drops 23 drops 24 drops pH to 8.5 60drops 60 drops 60 drops 60 drops 60 drops 60 drops Floc size/appearancevery lg./sl. lg.-tight/ very lg. loose/sl. med. lg. loose/sl. haze verysl. haze lg./hazy haze loose/almost haze clear Turbidity 90/88 67 72 6831 44.7 Detackification good good good good good good  50 rpm:  90% 100%100% 100%  90% 100% 100 rpm: 100% 100%

[0097] Table 3

[0098] Tables 3 and 4 illustrate the effect of altering the useconcentration of the preferred embodiment. The numbers included underthe heading “Description” refer to the volumes 10 FeCl₃,3(Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O), 5 Al₂(OH₅)Cl, 1 Cacl₂ and 2 Ca-250, of the componentconcentrations of each set forth above. TABLE 3 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6Description Preferred Preferred Preferred Preferred Preferred PreferredEmbodiment Embodiment Embodiment Embodiment Embodiment Embodiment 10 +3 + 5 + 1 + 2 10 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 10 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 10 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 210 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 10 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 Product 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ Dilution 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5gms 2.5 gms Deionized water/product Appearance amber amber amber amberamber amber Use Concentration 0.0 mls/ 0.04 mls/ 0.10 mls/ 0.20 mls/1.00 mls/ 2.00 mls/ (mls/ppm) 0 ppm 20 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 500 ppm 1000ppm B-coat 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/Composition 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls Deionized water/ e-coatwaste pH to 2.9 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a pH to 8.5 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/an/a Floc tacky tacky tacky tacky hard spongy floc size/appearancefloc/clear Turbidity 58.5 49.9 48.2 34.1 14.8 32.9 Detackification badbad bad bad good good 100 rpm: 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

[0099] TABLE 4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Description Preferred PreferredPreferred Preferred Preferred Preferred Embodiment Embodiment EmbodimentEmbodiment Embodiment Embodiment 10 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 10 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 210 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 10 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 10 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 10 + 3 + 5 +1 + 2 Product 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/Dilution 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms (Deionizedwater/product) Appearance amber amber amber amber amber amber UseConcentration 0.40 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.80 mls/ 1.00 mls/ 1.20 mls/ 1.40mls/ (mls/ppm) 200 ppm 300 ppm 400 ppm 500 ppm 600 ppm 700 ppm B-coat495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ Composition 5 mls5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls Deionized water/ e-coat waste pH to 2.9n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a pH to 8.5 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Floc sl. tackysl. tacky sl. tacky fluffy fluffy fluffy size/appearance Turbidity 80.662.1 63.9 41.6 39.0 39.9 Detackification fair good good good good good50 rpm: >50% 95% 100% 100% 100% 100%

[0100] Table 5

[0101] Table 5 provides a comparative example of the testing of thepreferred embodiment 3920-93, compared to the performance of theindividual components thereof. Nos. 1 through 5 are demonstrative of theuse of the individual component alone noted after the heading“Description”. TABLE 5 3930-93 1 2 3 4 5 Description Preferred 40% FeCl₃50% MAP 50% 30% CaCl₂ 50% CA-250 Embodiment sol. sol. Al₂OH₅Cl sol. sol.sol. Product 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/Dilution 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms (Deionizedwater/product) Appearance med. amber yellow water water water waterwhite/clear white/clear white/clear white/clear Use 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ Concentration 300 ppm 300 ppm300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm ppm (mls/ppm) E-coat 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ Composition 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5mls Deionized water/ e-coat waste pH to 2.9 41 drops 38 drops 44 drops46 drops 50 drops 50 drops pH to 8.5 64 drops 64 drops 66 drops 68 drops69 drops 70 drops Floc lg.-vig./ extra lg./hazy fine/very veryjelly/turbid size/appearance slight haze lg./very hazy fine/turbid hazyTurbidity 76 146 138 181 275 296 Detackification good bad very bad fairnone none  50 rpm: 100%  0%  0% 20% 0% 0% 100 rpm: 100% 40% 20% 75% 0%0%

[0102] Table 6

[0103] Table 6 demonstrates the effect of varying the volume compositionof components of the preferred embodiment and the effect of the completeomission of the Al₂OH₅Cl component. The ratios noted in this tableutilize the concentrations of each component set forth above. TABLE 6 #1#2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Description FeCl₃ ₊ FeCl₃ ₊ Fe₃ + Fe₃ + Fe₃ + MAP + Fe₃ +MAP + MAP MAP + MAP + MAP + Al₂OH₅Cl Al₂OH₅Cl + Al₂OH₅Cl Al₂OH₅ClAl₂OH₅Cl CaCl₂ CaCl₂ + CA-250 Ratio (mls) 10 + 3 10 + 3 + 5 15 + 3 + 510 + 3 + 10 10 + 3 + 5 + 1 10 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 Product Dilution 7.5 gms/7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ Deionized 2.5 gms 2.5 gms2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms water/product Appearance Yellow AmberAmber Very dark Amber Amber amber Use 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ Concentration 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm300 ppm ppm (mls/ppm) E-coat 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495mls/ 495 mls/ Composition 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls Deionizedwater/ e-coat waste pH to 2.9 34 drops 38 drops 36 drops 40 drops 37drops 37 drops pH to 8.5 60 drops 61 drops 63 drops 64 drops 61 drops 62drops Floc lg. lg. sl. fluffy/ lg. lg. large/hazy large/hazysize/appearance fluffy/hazy very hazy fluffy/hazy fluffy/hazy Turbidity144 95 103 139 99.3 80 Detackification very bad good fair bad good good 50 rpm:  0% 75% 50% 20% 100% 100% 100 rpm: 20% 95% 75% 50%

[0104] TABLE 7 Table 7 sets forth the results of test performedutilizing various aluminum hydroxy chlorides as substitutes for Al₂HO₅Clin the preferred embodiment. These aluminum hydroxy chlorides are:Aluminum hydroxy chloride FORMULA % BASICITY % SOLIDS % Al₂O₃ AAl₂(OH)₅Cl 83 50 23.5 Preferred Embodiment B Al₂(OH)₃Cl₂(SO₄)_(0.5) 5030 10 C Al₂(OH)_(1.8)Cl_(4.2) 30 33 8 D Al₂(OH)₃Cl₂(SO₄)_(0.5) 70 50 15B Al₂(OH)₃Cl 50 33 10 F Ferrous Chloride — 28 — (FeCl₂) G Al₂(OH)₂Cl₄ 3040 — H Al₂(OH)₃Cl₃ 55 40 — I Al₂(OH)₃SO₄SiO₃ −35 −35 — DescriptionPreferred C D E H G B I F Embodiment Product 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ Dilution 2.5 gms2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gmsDeionized water/product Appearance lt. amber lt. lt. amber yellow yellowyellow yellow yellow yellow amber Use Concentration 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/Concentration 300 ppm 300 pp 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300ppm 300 ppm (mls/ppm) E-coat 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ Composition 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls Deionized water/ e-coat waste pH to2.9 46 drops 37 drops 41 drops 38 drops 39 drops 39 drops 38 drops 38drops 35 drops pH to 8.5 105 drops 105 drops 131 drops 120 drops 106drops 92 drops 100 drops 106 drops 106 drops Floc size/ lg. lg. lg.fluffy/ lg. fluffy/ lg. fluffy/ lg. fluffy/ lg. fluffy/ lg. fluffy/ lg.fluffy/ appearance fluffy/ fluffy/ sl. haze sl. haze sl. haze sl. hazesl. haze sl. haze sl. haze clear sl. haze Turbidity 18.5 35.7 29.0 34.952.4 35.3 33.4 36.6 53.9 Detackification good good good good fair-good fair-good  fair-good  good good  50 rpm: 90%-95% 100%  90% 85-90% 80-85%80-85% 80-85%  85% 80-85% 100 rpm: 100% 100%  100%  100%  100%  100%100%  100%

[0105] Table 8

[0106] Table 8 illustrates the performance of the preferred embodimentcompared to the performance when substitutions of various components aremade in the same volume and concentration. The second column shows theeffect of the substitution of FeBr₃ for FeCl₃.4023-8A 4023-8C and4023-8E show the results of the substitution of the noted phosphorouscompound for MAP. 4023-13A and 4023-13A show the results of thesubstitution of the noted component for CaCl₂. TABLE 8 DescriptionPreferred FeBr₃ NH₄HPO₄ KH₂PO₄ Na₂HPO₄ MgCl₂ BaCl₂ Embodiment Product7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ 7.5 gms/ Dilution2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms 2.5 gms Deionizewater/product Appearance med. lt. very lt. reddish dk. reddish dk.reddish med. lt. med. lt. amber amber amber amber Use 0.60 mls/ 0.60mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ 0.60 mls/ Concentration 300ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm (mls/ppm) E-coat 495mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ 495 mls/ Composition 5mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls 5 mls Deionized water/ e-coat waste pHto 2.9 38 drops 31 drops 42 drops 40 drops 49 drops 40 drops 48 drops pHto 8.5 94 drops 28 drops 94 drops 103 drops 105 drops 92 drops 107 dropsFloc lg. lg. fluffy/ lg. lg. lg. med. med. size/appearance fluffy/clearsl. cloudy fluffy/sl. fluffy/ fluffy/ fluffy/ fluffy/ haze hazy hazyclear hazy Turbidity 30 70 23.8 29.3 34.6 28.8 40.1 Detackification goodgood good fair fair good fair-good  50 rpm:  80% 85%  90%  50%  75%  90% 80% 100 rpm: 100% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

What is claimed is:
 1. A composition comprising the reaction product ofa trivalent metal salt other than chromium salts, an acid phosphorouscompound, and an aluminum hydroxy chloride.
 2. The composition of claim1 wherein the trivalent metal salt is a Group 8 trivalent metal salt. 3.The composition of claim 2 wherein the trivalent metal salt is a ferricmetal salt.
 4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the trivalent metalsalt is a ferric halide.
 5. The composition of claim 3 wherein thetrivalent metal salt is selected from the group consisting of FeCl₃,Fe(SO₄)₃, FeBr₃ and Fe(NO₃)₃, and mixtures thereof
 6. The composition ofclaim 2 wherein the trivalent metal salt and is a blend of one or moreGroup 8 trivalent metal salts.
 7. The composition of claim 2 wherein theacid phosphorous compound is selected from the group consisting of acidphosphites, acid phosphates and phosphonic acid.
 8. The composition ofclaim 7 wherein the acid phosphite is phosphorous acid and the acidphosphate is phosphoric acid.
 9. The composition of claim 7 where theacid phosphorous compound is selected form the group of(Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O), H₃PO₄, H₃PO₃, NaH₂PO₄, Na₂HPO₄, CH₃C(OH)(PO₃H₂),H₂C═CHP(O)(OH)₂, (CH₃O₂)P₂(O)H, (NH₄)₂HPO₄, NH₄H₂PO₄, K₂HPO₄ and KH₂PO₄.10. The composition of claim 7 wherein the acid phosphorous compound isof the formula M_(n)H_(x)PO_(q), where M=a cation such as a metal orammonium, n=0 to 2, x=1 to 3, and q=3 or
 4. 11. The composition of claim2 wherein the aluminum hydroxy chloride is of the chemical formulaAl₂(OH)_(y)Cl_(z) where y=0.1 to 5 and z=1 to 5.9.
 12. The compositionof claim 11 wherein y=1.8 to 5 and z=1 to 4.2.
 13. The composition ofclaim 2 wherein the trivalent metal salt is selected from the group ofFeCl₃, Fe (SO₄)₃, FeBr₃ and Fe(NO₃)₃, the acid phosphorous compound isselected from the group (Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O), H₃PO₄, H₃PO₃, NaH₂PO₄,Na₂HPO₄ (NH)₂HPO₄, NH₄H₂PO₄ and K₂HPO and KH₂PO₄, and the aluminumhydroxy chloride is of the chemical formula Al₂(OH)_(y)Cl_(z) wherey=1.8 to 5 and z=1 to 4.2.
 14. The composition of claim 13 wherein thetrivalent metal salt is FeCl₃, the acid phosphorous compound is(Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O), and the aluminum hydroxy chloride is Al₂(OH)₅Cl. 15.The composition of claim 14 wherein the volume of FeCl₃ (about 40%active raw material in water) is 3 to 30 parts, the volume of(Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O), (about 50 wt % in water) is 0.5 to 10 parts, and thevolume of Al₂(OH)₅Cl (about 50 wt % in water) is 5 to 20 parts.
 16. Thecomposition of claim 15 wherein the volume of FeCl₃ is 10 parts, thevolume of (Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O) is 3 parts, and the volume of Al₂ (OH)₅Cl is5 parts.
 17. The composition of claim 2 wherein AlCl₃ is utilized as thetrivalent metal salt.
 18. A composition having an aluminum-27 NMR peakat ca. −26.2 ppm relative to aluminum oxide at 0 ppm.
 19. Thecomposition of claim 18 wherein the composition is reaction product ofiron (III) chloride, monoaluminum phosphate and aluminum chlorohydrate.20. A blend comprising the product of AlCl₃, FeCl₃, and an acidphosphorous compound.
 21. The blend of claim 20 wherein the acidphosphorous compound is (Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O).
 22. The composition of claim2 further comprising the addition of CaCl₂ and EPI-DMA polyamine. 23.The composition of claim 2 further comprising the addition of p-DMDAAC.24. A composition comprising the reaction product of a trivalent metalsalt other than chromium salts, an acid phosphorous compound, and analuminum hydroxy chloride, where: a. the trivalent metal salt is one ormore of the group of FeCl₃, Fe (SO₄)₃, FeBr₃, and Fe(NO)₃; b. the acidphosphorous compound is selected from the group consisting of(Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O), H₃PO₄, H₃PO₃, NaH₂PO₄, Na₂HPO₄, CH₃C(OH)(PO₃H₂),H₂C═CHP(O)(OH)₂, (CH₃O₂)P₂(O)H, (NH₄)₂HPO₄, NH₄H₂PO₄, K₂HPO₄ and KH₂PO₄;and c. the aluminum hydroxy chloride is one of the formulaAl₂(OH)_(y)Cl, where y=1.8 to 5 and z=1 to 4.2.
 25. The composition ofclaim 24 wherein the trivalent metal salt is FeCl₃, the acid phosphorouscompound is (Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O), and the aluminum hydroxy chloride isAl₂(OH)₅Cl.
 26. The composition of claim 23 wherein the trivalent metalsalt is FeCl₃ (about 40% active raw material in water) in a volume of 10parts water, the acid phosphorous compound is (Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O), (about50 wt % in water) in a volume of 3 parts, the aluminum hydroxy chlorideis Al₂(OH)₅Cl (about 50 wt % in water) in a volume 5 of 5 parts, and:(a) the FeCl₃ is diluted by 10 to 40% prior to the preparation of thecomposition and the subsequent addition of p-DMDAAC; or (b) thecomposition is diluted by 10 to 40% prior to the addition of thep-DMDAAC.
 27. The composition of claim 23 wherein the trivalent metalsalt is FeCl₃ (about 40% active raw material in water) in a. volume of10 parts, the acid phosphorous compound is phosphoric acid (about 85 wt% in water) in a volume of 3 parts, the aluminum hydroxy chloride isAl₂(OH)₅Cl (about 50 wt % in water) in a volume of 5 parts, and: (a) theFeCl₃ is diluted by 10 to 80% prior to the preparation of thecomposition and the subsequent addition of the p-DMDAAC; or (b) thecomposition is diluted by 10 to 80% prior to the addition of thep-DMDAAC.
 28. A process for the production of a reaction productcomprising blending an aqueous solution of a Group 8 trivalent metalsalt, an acid phosphorous compound and an aluminum hydroxy chloride. 29.The process of claim 28 wherein the trivalent metal salt is firstblended with the acid phosphorous compound, and the aluminum hydroxychloride is subsequently added thereto.
 30. The process of claim 28wherein the trivalent metal salt is first blended with the aluminumhydroxy chloride, and the acid phosphorous compound is subsequentlyadded thereto.
 31. The process of claim 28 wherein the trivalent metalsalt is selected from the group consisting of FeCl₃, Fe(SO₄)₃, FeBr₃,and Fe(NO₃) and mixtures thereof.
 32. The process of claim 28 whereinthe acid phosphorous compound is selected from the group consisting of(Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O), H₃PO₄, H₃PO₃, NaH₂PO₄, Na₂HPO₄, CH₃C(OH), (PO₃H₂),H₂C═CHP(O)(OH)₂, (CH₃O₂)P₂(O)H, (NH₄)₂HPO₄, NH₄H₂PO₄, NH₄HPO₄, K₂HPO₄and KH₂PO₄.
 33. The process of claim 28 wherein the aluminum hydroxychloride is one of the formula Al₂(OH)_(y)Cl_(z) where y=0.1 to 5 andz=1 to 5.9.
 34. The process of claim 33 wherein y=1.8 to 5 and z=1 to4.2.
 35. The process of claim 28 further comprising the addition ofCaCl₂ and Epi-DMA polyamine.
 36. The process of claim 28 furthercomprising the addition of p-DMDAAC.
 37. The process of claim 36 whereinthe trivalent metal salt is FeCl₃ (about 40% active raw material inwater) in a volume of 10 parts, and the acid phosphorous compound is(Al(H₂PO₄)₃.XH₂O) (about 50 wt % in water) in a volume of 3 parts, thealuminum hydroxy chloride is Al₂(OH)₅Cl (about 50 wt % in water) in avolume of 5 parts, and: (a) the FeCl₃ is diluted by 10 to 40% prior tothe preparation of the composition of the composition and the subsequentaddition of p-DMDAAC; or (b) the composition is diluted by 10 to 40%prior to the addition of the p-DMDAAC.
 38. The process of claim 36wherein the trivalent metal salt is FeCl₃ (about 40% active raw materialin water) in a volume of 10 parts, and the acid phosphorous compound isphosphoric acid (about 85 wt % in water) in a volume of 3 parts, thealuminum hydroxy chloride is Al₂(OH)₅Cl (about 50 wt % in water) in avolume of 5 parts, and: (a) the FeCl₃ is diluted by 10 to 80% prior tothe preparation of the composition and the subsequent addition of thep-DMDAAC; or (b) the composition is diluted by 10 to 80% prior to theaddition of the p-DMDAAC.
 39. A composition of matter comprising theproduct produced according to the process of claim
 28. 40. A process fortreating a solution comprising contacting the solution with an effectiveamount of the composition of claim
 2. 41. A process for treating asolution comprising contacting the solution with an effective amount ofthe product produced according to the process of claim
 28. 42. Theprocess of claim 40 wherein the solution is selected from the groupconsisting of general wastewater, municipal wastewater, wastewatercontaining metals, papermaking wastewater, water containing organiccompounds, water containing chemical compounds, water containingbiological compounds, poultry processing waste, ink containingsolutions, raw surface water, oil/water mixtures, colored solutions,coal waste, mineral processing water, oily waste, raw municipal drinkingwater, water containing suspended solids, water containing paint solids,electrolytic primer coating wastewater and industrial wastewater. 43.The process of claim 41 wherein the solution is selected from the groupconsisting of general wastewater, municipal wastewater, wastewatercontaining metals, papermaking wastewater, water containing organiccompounds, water containing chemical compounds, water containingbiological compounds, poultry processing waste, ink containingsolutions, raw surface water, oil/water mixtures, colored solutions,coal waste, mineral processing water, oily waste, raw municipal drinkingwater, water containing suspended solids, water containing paint solids,electrolytic primer coating wastewater and industrial wastewater. 44.The process of claim 40 wherein the product is utilized in enhancedcoagulation to reduce at least a portion of the total organiccontaminants.
 45. The process of claim 41 wherein the product isutilized in enhanced coagulation to reduce at least a portion of thetotal organic contaminants.